Treatment of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Essay -- Post-traumatic st

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a psychological condition that occurs after a traumatic event. In the DSM-IV, it is characterized under anxiety disorders. Some common symptoms include, but are not limited to, intense fear, reliving the experience, persistent avoidance, numbing, diminished interest, and increased arousal. In order to be diagnosed, these symptoms need to be present for more than one month. Subsequently there are many types of treatment for this disorder. In particular the ones that will be discussed in depth are cognitive-behavioral therapy, pharmacotherapy, and lastly treatment for children and adolescents. To begin, the most widely practiced form of therapy for the treatment of PTSD is cognitive-behavioral therapy. There are a variety of techniques used in cognitive-behavioral therapy. An example would be, exposure therapy, which is the most well known technique. There are numerous ways to carry out this approach. Ordinarily, it begins with creating a scale of the anxieties. During a treatment session in which flooding is used, exposure to the highest item on the scale is set in motion. Others begin with anxieties that are rated moderately anxiety provoking (Foa, Keane, & Friedman, 2000, p.64). Exposure therapy methods share the common feature if confrontation with frightening stimuli that continues until the anxiety is reduced (Foa, Keane, & Friedman, 2000, p.64). When using exposure therapy it is important to also teach relaxation training, which helps them reduce the anxiety that is induced by the exposure. Systematic desensitization is a perfect illustration of this. Ranking the an xieties on order as to have a gradual increase in difficulty; exposure therapy begins, followed by relaxation training.... ...., (2008). Cognitive-behavioral therapy for ptsd: A case formulation approach. New York, NY: The Guilford Press. Asmundsin, G.J.G., Barnhofer, T., Blackmore, M.A., Collimore, K.C., Daniel, J., Fennell, M.J.V., Foa, E.B., Glibert, P., Goga, P., Heimberg, R.G., Jacofsky, M., Kazantais, N., Khemlani-Patel, S., Kingdon, D., Konstadinidis, L., Kyrios, M., Leahy, R.L., Ledgerwood, D.M., Morasco, B.J., Neziroglu, F., Papageorgiou, C., Petry, N.M., Pinto, A., Rauch, S.A.M., Simos, G., Taylor S., Turkington, D., Weinstock, J. (2009). Cognitive behaviour therapy: A guide for the practicing clinician (Vol 2). New York, NY: Routlege. Scheeringa, M. S., Zeanah, C. H., Drell, M. J. and Larrieu, J. A. 1995: Two approaches to diagnosing posttraumatic stress disorder in infancy and early childhood. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 34, 191-200.

The Genius of John Bardeen

Genius is more often than not measured by Intelligence Quotient (â€Å"I. Q. †). This should not be the case. It would be better to attribute the label genius to someone who was able to beat the odds and used everything in his power to contribute to progress and in making life a much more blessed experience. The distinction of being a genius must only be given to those whose body of work has surpassed the test of time. If indeed achievements and great works is the trademark of a man of great intelligence then it would not be difficult to heap accolades and to celebrate the genius of John Bardeen.Not only is he brilliant and possessing a mind that can beat a roomful of supercomputers but he is also self-effacing and not one to tell the world of his exploits. In fact it will be shown later that when he learned that he was one of the recipients of 1957 Nobel Prize for Physics, he could not believe he deserved to receive such a life changing award. If this was not enough, Bardeen won the Nobel Prize in Physics less than two decades later. His theory about superconductivity assured him of a place among the greatest scientists who ever lived.Without John Bardeen’s pioneering work on transistors and superconductivity, there would never have been a world wide web, interconnectedness in the blink of an eye and an ultra-efficient and comfortable lifestyle available for those living in the 21st century. The world today may very well be a different place if Bardeen was not born and allowed to develop into a formidable intellectual force. The following pages will provide a basic understanding of how one man help change the world. Building a CareerA great foundation is the assurance of a solid structure with an integrity that can withstand tremors and other pressures. If this analogy of building structures can be applied to life then it can be said that John Bardeen prepared a secure foundation for a great career that would change the course of history. All gre at careers – especially in engineering – must start with great education. Mr. Bardeen went to the University High School in Madison, Wisconsin for a number of years and then went on to graduate from Madison Central High School in the year 1923.Then he took up a course in electrical engineering at the University of Wisconsin. In the said university, Bardeen took up the extra challenge of adding in extra work in mathematics and physics. If this is not enough he went to work – while still an undergraduate student – in the engineering department of the Western Electric Company at Chicago. He graduated with a B. S. in electrical engineering in 1928. But he did not leave his beloved university just yet and he continued on as a graduate research assistant in electrical engineering, a task which he focused on for the next two years of his life.In this two years he devoted himself to the study of mathematical problems in applied geophysics and also the phenomenon of radiation in antennas (see Nobelprize. org). After serving under the U. S. Navy in World War II, Bardeen, â€Å"†¦was hired by Bell Laboratories, a high-tech communications and electronics research plant† (Haven & Clark, 1999, p. 22). It is in this environment and in this scientific community where Bardeen was able to showcase his talents.But Bardeen was not only keen in showing the what he can do; he is also very much willing to share what he knows to others. He served as a Junior Fellow at Harvard University and also worked as assistant professor of physics at the University of Minnesota (Haven & Clark, 1999, p. 24). Contributions In the beginning of this study the proponent submitted the idea that genius should not be only measured through intelligence quotient alone but also on the ability of the person to create something worthwhile; in other words to contribute to the forward progress of mankind.This will show that the high IQ person is not simply a machine able to crunch complicated sets of numbers but also a complete human being able to touch lives and to work with others. In this category of super achievers one can include John Bardeen not only because he has the machinelike prowess to solve complicated problems but also because he was well regarded by his peers and well respected beyond the community where he first nurtured his genius in Wisconsin. The first major contribution of Bardeen was to crack the transistor puzzle.Together with a team of scientists – Walter H. Brattain and William Shockley – he was able to explain semiconductors and the transistor effect (see Nobelprize. org). Just to show a basic idea of what this discovery has meant to human history here is Bardeen’s contribution in a nutshell, â€Å"The transistor has been the backbone of every computing, calculating, communicating and logic electronics circuit build in the last 50 years† (Haven & Clark, 1999, p. 21). For his work he shared the 19 56 Nobel Prize in Physics.His second major contribution was to provide for a very enlightening explanation of superconductivity. In the words of Haven and Clark, â€Å"Bardeen won his second Nobel Prize for elucidating the theory of superconductivity, which has been called one of the most important achievements in the theoretical physics since the development of quantum theory† (1999, p. 21). Thus, in 1972 Bardeen became a double Nobel laureate. He shared the award with Leon N. Cooper and J. Robert Schrieffer for the theory of superconductivity.From then on others were able to build on this new understanding and at present allowed many to experience that, â€Å"Superconductivity at higher temperatures has led to such feats as frictionless, ultrafast trains lifted magnetically above their rails†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Haven & Clark, 1999, p. 21). Conflicts In every major endeavor and in every significant discovery, controversy and conflicts are almost inevitable as night follows day. More often than not conflicts are coming from the outside as people unable to fully grasp the new scientific breakthrough would question its relevance to society.In the case of John Bardeen the conflicts he experienced did not come from his external environment but surprisingly it came from within; from within himself and from within their own community of scientists. This inner turmoil was explained by Hoddeson and Daitch (2002, p. 2-3) as follows: 1. Bardeen was unsure of the true worth of transistors in the larger scheme of things. 2. Bardeen was not agreeable to the fact that William Shockley was considered as the co-inventor of the transistor and share the Nobel Prize in 1956.It is interesting to expound on the second statement for it would strengthen the thesis that a true man of genius must be able to work harmoniously within a community, within a group of individuals to be considered as a man of great intellectual stature and not merely a flash in the pan talent that would p rove useless in real life situations. A deeper look at the issue would reveal that Shockley was not able to contribute a significant theory or solution that led to the discovery of the transistor action. It was purely the work of Bardeen and Brattain.Hoddeson and Daitch reveal that, â€Å"†¦it was Shockley, rather than Bardeen and Brattain, who received wide recognition for the discovery. Even today, popular magazines sometimes credit Shockley alone with the invention† (2002, p. 2). Even if Bardeen knew the inside information as to what really happened within the Bell laboratories where the â€Å"transistor phenomena† was fully understood, it was a testament to his great character that he did not make a scandal out of it and at the end allowed Shockley to share the fame and the glory together with Brattain. LegacyAside from having great mind and the capacity to touch lives, one of the standards upon which true genius must be measured against is legacy. Legacy is w hat is left when the hype dies down and when the passage of time has truly tested the value of a person’s work. With regards to the legacy left behind by Bardeen this is what Jim Turley has to say: Few things have altered modern life as much as the discovery of semiconductors †¦ Modern electronics have completely changed the way we talk with each other †¦ It has changed medical research, entertainment, record keeping, travel, and exploration.There’s almost no business, profession, or industry that hasn’t changed since the introduction of solid-state electronics in the last 50 years (2003, p. 2). If having a brilliant mind, capacity to work under pressure and to share recognition with a group of equally talented personnel, and a body of work that has changed history is the measure of true genius then there are only a few who can match John Bardeen in this respect. Works Cited Haven, Kendall & Donna Clark. 100 Most Popular Scientists for Young Adults: Bi ographical Sketches and Professional Paths.Englewood, CO: Libraries Unlimited, Inc. , 1999. Hoddeson, Lilian & Vicki Daitch. True Genius: The Life and Science of John Bardeen. Washington, D. C. : Joseph Henry Press, 2002. Nobelprize. org. John Bardeen: The Nobel Prize in Physics 1972. Available from Accessed 20 July 2007. Samuelson, Bengt & Michael Sohlman. Nobel Lectures in Physics. New Jersey: World Scientific Publishing Co. , 1998 Turley, Jim. The Essential Guide to Semiconductors. New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc. , 2003.

Meaning of Life and Ordinary Person Essay

I cannot sum up my philosophy with one broad term. I will discuss my philosophies but they all connect based on my main philosophy. My main philosophy is that hardship often prepares an ordinary person for an extraordinary destiny. Ordinary people from the past that endured through hardships, such as Anne Frank, Martin Luther K. Jr. and Caesar Chavez, had an extraordinary destiny. I am not comparing myself to these magnificent individuals, but they are a source of encouragement for an ordinary person like me. I felt in my heart that everything happens for a reason. There is no way that my life should have or could have turned out like this. My belief was solidified and my faith strengthened, when I became a mentor to the Women at La Casita Rehabilitation Center. I am perfect for this volunteer service! My experiences enable me to care so deeply and empathize with these women in recovery. I find meaning in this work. There is no monetary gain. It’s the intrinsic feeling I get when I see a woman get her 30 day, 60 day, 90day and 1year sobriety chip. This service provides me with gratitude for my recovery and humility. I was that woman, maybe not exactly, but the feelings were very similar. Another aspect of my philosophy of life is; life is not about finding yourself but creating yourself. I have developed my philosophy of life based on my experiences in life and made a decision to re-create myself. I am a fervent believer that you can become whoever you want to be in this life. We should not take life for granted because it is a gift and tomorrow is not promised to anyone. If you don’t like your circumstances, it is okay to change them. There are some things we have no control over, but for the things we can control, we have the power and responsibility to change it. If not, stop complaining and adjust to the situation. However, if we simply sit there and wait for things to change, it probably will not change. Or the situation may become worse over time. In the interim we will be missing out on the joys and blessings of life. At least this has been my experience.

College Uneducation Essay

I wish to speak on â€Å"College Uneducation. † Is it possible that our college educationmay â€Å"uneducate† rather than educate? I answer â€Å"Yes. † It is a paradox but nonetheless the truth—the grim, unmerciful truth. We all believe in higher education; else we should not be in the University. At the same time, college education—like all other human devices for human betterment—may build or destroy, lead, or mislead. My ten years’ humble service in the University of the Philippines has afforded me an opportunity to watch the current of ideals and practices of our student body. In some aspects of higher education, most of our students have measured up to their high responsibilities. But in other features—alas, vital ones! —the thoughts and actions of many of them tend to stunt the mind, dry up the heart, and quench the soul. These students are being uneducated in college. I shall briefly discussthree ways in which many of our students are getting college uneducation, for which they pay tuition fees and make unnumbered sacrifices. Book Worship In the first place, there is the all but delirious worship of the printed page. â€Å"What does the book say? † is, by all odds, the most important question in the student’s mind whenever he is faced with any problem calling for his own reasoning. By the same token, may students feel a sort of frenzy for facts till these become as huge as the mountains and the mind is crushed under them. Those students think of nothing but how to accumulate data; hence, their capacity for clear and powerful thinking is paralyzed. How pathetic to hear them argue and discuss! Because they lack the native vitality of unhampered reason, their discourse smacks of cant and sophistry rather than of healthy reasoning and straight thinking. It is thus that many of our students surrender their individuality to the textbook and lose their birthright—which is to think for themselves. And when they attempt to form their own judgment, they become pedantic. Unless a student develops the habit of independent and sound reasoning, his college education is a solemn sham. Compare these hair-splitting college students with Juan de la Cruz in the barrios. Now, Juan de la Cruz has read very little: no undigested mass of learning dulls the edge of his inborn logic, his mind is free from the overwhelming, stultifying weight of unassimilated book knowledge. How penetrating his perception, how unerring his judgment, how solid his common sense! He contemptuously refers to the learned sophists, thus: †Lumabis ang karunungan mo,† which means, â€Å"Your learning is too much. † Professional Philistinism The second manner of college uneducation that I want to speak of is this: most students make professional efficiency the be-all and end-all of college education. They have set their hearts upon becoming highly trained lawyers, doctors, engineers, teachers, and agriculturists. I shall not stop to inquire into the question of how much blame should be laid at the door of the faculties of the University for this pernicious drift toward undue and excessive specialization. That such a tendency exists is undeniable, but we never pause to count, the cost! We are all of one mind: I believe that college education is nothing unless it widens a man’s vision, broadens his sympathies, and leads him to higher thinking and deep feeling. Yet how can we expect a; this result from a state of affairs which reduces a law student to a code, a prospective doctor to a prescription, and a would-be engineer to a mathematical formula? How many students in our professional colleges are doing any systematic reading in literature? May we not, indeed, seriously ask whether this fetish of specialization does not smother the inspiring sense of beauty and the ennobling love of finer things that our students have it in them to unfold into full-blown magnificence. The Jading Dullness of Modern Life â€Å"A thing of beauty is a joy forever,†Ã¢â‚¬ says Keats. But we know that beauty us a matter of taste; and, unless we develop in us a proper appreciation of what is beautiful and sublime, everything around us is tedious and commonplace. We rise early and go out into, but our spirit is responsive to the hopeful quietude and the dew-chastened sweetness of dawn. At night we behold the myriad stars, but they are just so many bright specks—their soft fires do not soothe our troubled hearts, and we do not experience that awesome, soul stirring fascination of theimmense ties of God’s universe. We are bathed in the silver sheen of the moon and yet feel not the beatitude of the moment. We gaze upon a vista of high mountains, but their silent strength has no appeal for us. We read some undying verses; still, their vibrant cadence does not thrill us, and their transcendent though is to us like a vision that vanishes. We look at a masterpiece of the chisel with its eternal gracefulness of lines and properties, yet to us it is no more than a mere human likeness. Tell me, is such a life worth coming to college for? Yet, my friends, the overspecialization which many students pursue with zeal and devotion is bound to result in such an unfeeling, dry-as-dust existence. I may say in passing that the education of the older generation is in this respect far superior to ours. Our older countrymen say, with reason, that the new education does not lawfully cultivate the heart as the old education did. Misguided Zeal Lastly, this selfsame rage for highly specialized training, with a view to distinguished professional success, beclouds our vision of the broader perspectives of life. Our philosophy of life is in danger of becoming narrow and mean because we are habituated to think almost wholly in terms of material wellbeing. Of course we must be practical. We cannot adequately answer this tremendous question unless we thoughtfully develop a proper sense of values and thus learn to separate the dross from the gold, the chaff from the grain of life. The time to do this task is not after but before college graduation; for, when all is said and done, the sum and substance of higher education is the individualformulation of what life is for, with special training in some advanced line of human learning in order that such a life formula may be executed with the utmost effectiveness. But how can we lay down the terms of our philosophy of life if every one of our thoughts is absorbed by the daily assignment, the outside reading, and the laboratory experiment, and when we continuously devour lectures and notes? â€Å"Uneducated† Juan de la Cruz as Teacher Here, again, many of our students should sit at the feet of meagrely educated Juan de la Cruz and learn wisdom. Ah! He is often called ignorant, but he is the wisest of the wise, for he has unravelled the mysteries of life. His is the happiness of the man who knows the whys of human existence. Unassuming Juan de la Cruz cherishes no â€Å"Vaulting ambition which o’erleaps itself. † His simple and hardy virtues put to shame the studied and complex rules of conduct of highly educated men and women. In adversity, his stoicism is beyond encomium. His love of home, so guilelessly faithful, is the firm foundation of our social structure. And his patriotism has been tested and found true. Can our students learn from Juan de la Cruz, or does their college education unfit them to become his pupils? In conclusion, I shall say that I have observed among many of our students certain alarming signs of college uneducation, and some of these are: (1) lack of independent judgment as well as love of pedantry, because of the worship of the printed page and the feverish accumulation of undigested data; (2) the deadening of the delicate sense of the beautiful and the sublime, on account of overspecialization; and (3) neglect of the formulation of a sound philosophy of life as a result of excessive emphasis on professional training.

SMART Goal Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

SMART Goal - Assignment Example In working out the core competency, some critical aspects must be considered. The aspect to be put on considerations is the skill, knowledge and attributes (KSA) that is related with this competency. The only KSA that is related with core competencies is using evidence to guide nursing practice. In unison, the core competence and the KSA will be used to form a leadership development smart goal. I will research on benefits of using evidence-based practice on employees who commit errors while doing nursing procedures in hospital, after I seek approval from the hospital manager. Review nursing procedure manual and guidelines, and convene a meeting with organizers of continuous medical education. Review scholarly articles and credible databases to obtain information on how using evidence to guide your practice can benefit the employees by November 24, 2014 (MacLeod, 2012). As policy dictates for any other institution, one has to seek approval before any investigative or research is done. This is usually done to safe guide the interest of others who might be implicated on the research if the motive of the research is bad. To avoid researches that might wrongfully implicated on any research the motive must be assessed. On approval one need to display the proposal of the research and what he or she is seeking to achieve. With this very reason, I had to seek for the approval from the hospital manager in order to get the consent and a go ahead letter to pursue my research on the benefit of evidenced practice in the hospital set up on the employees that commit many errors for the absence of using evidence to guide their practice. This should come first on the action plan. Next on the action plan was to review the procedure manuals and the guidelines being used in the practice. The intention is to identify the most current position of the employees with regard of material being used to practice in the hospital. This one of the problem

How Can a Small Amount of Money Make a Big Difference Essay

How Can a Small Amount of Money Make a Big Difference - Essay Example The first article, â€Å"Internet Opens World to Microloan Investors†, which the author of the essay will discuss and draw an inference from helps to promote the concept of providing small â€Å"loans† to individuals in developing nations. Whereas providing 25-75 dollars to charity in the United States of America or another developed economy would actually provide little remediation of overall poverty, the authors relate the ways in which certain websites and key individuals have begun fronting very small personal loans or gifts to disenfranchised individuals in a developing country as a means of spurring business and raising the standard of living within these systems. This system is highly beneficial due to the fact that it connects would-be entrepreneurs with valuable access to start-up capital they so desperately need in order to realize a given business aspiration. Again, due to the fact that the developing world has such a decreased cost of entry, oftentimes even very small loans are able to foster a business half a world away. Similarly, the second article, â€Å"Simple, Easy Ways to Give Back† helps to engage the reader with the many opportunities that exist within the periphery of the consumer as ways in which they can seek to develop their philanthropic side. For instance, the article relates how those that are technophiles can easily utilize their mobile phone platform as a way to text small charitable donations to the charity of their choice. Additionally, the article relates to the ways in which donating the leftover amount on a gift card can be beneficial to specific charities. By utilizing web-based charitable organizations, the â€Å"loose change† on store gift cards can rapidly and efficiently be converted into a charitable donation.